Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are usually divided in adenoma (ACA) or carcinoma (ACC) according to histopathologic methods. Some lesions are occasionally difficult to classify according to these criteria. We studied the use of some immunohistochemical markers to recognise the difference between malignant and benign tumors.Materials and methods: We studied 12 patients affected by ACC and 10 by ACA. Clinical evaluation and hormone analysis wer...

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is rare, usually presenting with hyperparathyroidism and severe hypercalcemia. A standardized diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approach has not been provided yet and TNM staging algorithm is not universally accepted. Surgery is the first-choice treatment and is the only effective therapy to control hypercalcaemia. Chemo- or radio-therapy, local treatments or novel drugs should be reserved to selected cases.Cas...

Background: Lenvatinib is an oral chemotherapy for metastatic radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RRDTC) which significantly improves progression free survival (PFS). It has been proved that higher rates of dose interruption or reduction of Lenvatinib have a negative impact on PFS. Patients with active cancer, such as RRDTC, have an increased risk of contracting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and developing complications, especial...

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) accounts for <1% of all forms of primary hyperparathyroidism. PC is characterized by very high serum PTH and calcium levels and presents with osteopenia/osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, asthenia, neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here, we report the unusual presentation of a PC.Case presentation: A 48-year-old woman was referred to our Center for the sudden appearance of a large painful hematoma in the cervico-mediasti...

Acromegalic osteopathy is an emerging complication of chronic GH excess characterized by increase in bone turnover, deterioration in bone microarchitecture and high risk of vertebral fractures (VFs). Medical therapies may exert direct effects on peripheral targets leading to improvement of clinical outcomes regardless of biochemical control of acromegaly. In this longitudinal study, we compared the effects pegvisomant (PegV) and somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) on VF risk ...

Background: In a previous publication we identified the major predictive factors of levothyroxine (LT4) requirement and proposed an efficient nomogram to calculate LT4 substitutive starting dose after total thyroidectomy for benign disease. The aim of this study was to assess whether the LT4 requirement differs between the tablet and the soft gel capsules formulations.Methods: One hundred and three consecutive patients su...

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a highly sensitive tumor marker of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). To optimize the sensitivity, guidelines recommend Tg measurement after stimulation with recombinant TSH (rh-TSH) 6–12 months after radio remnant ablation (RRA). Based on recent evidence in Literature, it is possible to avoid the measurement of Tg after stimulation with rh-TSH (S-Tg) in presence of undetectable values of basal Tg (B-Tg) if high functional sensitivity (0.1 ng/ml) m...

Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most frequent endocrine cancer. After surgery followed, if any, by 131I radio remnant ablation (RRA), follow-up monitoring consists of neck ultrasonography (US) and measurements of thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and anti-Tg antibodies (Ac-Tg) both on levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy and after recombinant TSH (rTSH). The aim of our study is to define a cut-off of Tg before RRA (RRA-Tg) during <...

Introduction: Acromegaly (Acro) is characterized by insulin sensitivityreduction, glucose intolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM2 in 15%–38% of patients). Studies that investigated action of medical therapies for acro on glucose metabolism, didn’t provide conclusive data. Association between blood glucose (BG) levels and serum IGF-I levels in patients with DM2 and acro has been suggested, however,IGF-I levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) correlation is still con...

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), anticancer therapy blocking specific molecules expressed in tumor microenvironment, are associated to several endocrine side effects. In particular, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is related to a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction. The most frequent form of thyrotoxicosis is a destructive thyroiditis, which can evolve into hypothyroidism.Patient findings:We report the case of an 85 years-old patient,...